SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare pain intensity, stiffness, functionality, central sensitization, and self-efficacy, between individuals with bilateral knee osteoarthritis and unilateral knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: We included sedentary participants with knee osteoarthritis. The diagnosis was defined by a specialist, in which there was a complaint of pain and/or altered function in the lower limbs (duration ≥3 months); morning stiffness; pain intensity ≥3; Kellgren-Lawrence 2–3° associated with X-ray; persistence of symptoms >3 months. We used the following tools: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Numerical Pain Scale, Central Sensitization Inventory, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the t-test. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 118 adult individuals, divided into two groups: bilateral knee osteoarthritis (n=59) and unilateral knee osteoarthritis (n=59). We observed a significant difference (p<0.05) and a large effect size (d≥0.8), in the comparisons between: stature, body mass index, physical function, central sensitization, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Individuals with bilateral knee osteoarthritis have higher levels of central sensitization, impaired functionality, and a lower level of self-efficacy.

Resumo Fundamento A ventriculografia esquerda é um método invasivo para avaliar a função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo. Depois do advento de métodos não invasivos, o seu uso tem sido questionado por resultar em algum risco para o paciente. Objetivos Avaliar quais fatores associam-se independentemente com a decisão de realizar ventriculografia em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana. Métodos Tratou-se de um estudo analítico, retrospectivo, avaliando prontuários eletrônicos e banco de dados e comparando 21 variáveis de interesse pré-definidas entre pacientes submetidos a cineangiocoronariografia. Foi considerado significante p < 0,05. Resultados Avaliamos 600 pacientes consecutivos, e a ventriculografia esquerda foi realizada na maioria dos pacientes submetidos a uma cineangiocoronariografia (54%). Depois da análise multivariada, os pacientes com síndromes coronarianas crônicas ( odds ratio [OR] 1,72; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%]: 1,20–2,46; p < 0,01) tiveram maior chance de serem submetidos ao procedimento. Os pacientes com função ventricular conhecida (OR = 0,58; IC 95%: 0,40–0,85; p < 0,01), os revascularizados (OR 0,31; IC 95% 0,14–0,69; p < 0,01), os hipertensos (OR 0,58; IC 95%: 0,36–0,94; p = 0,02) e aqueles com maiores valores de creatinina (OR 0,42; IC 95% 0,26–0,69; p < 0,01) tiveram maior chance de não realizar ventriculografia. Conclusões Nos pacientes submetidos a cineangiocoronariografia, o diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana crônica associou-se de modo independente com uma maior realização da técnica, enquanto ter a função ventricular previamente conhecida, ser hipertenso, ter sido submetido a revascularização cirúrgica prévia e ter valores de creatinina mais elevados associaram-se a uma maior chance de não realizar o método.

Abstract Background Left ventriculography is an invasive method for assessment of left ventricular systolic function. Since the advent of noninvasive methods, its use has been questioned, as it carries some risk to the patient. Objective To assess which factors are independently associated with the decision to perform ventriculography in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Analytical, retrospective, database review study of electronic medical records comparing 21 predefined variables of interest among patients undergoing coronary angiography. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results We evaluated 600 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. Left ventriculography was performed in the majority of cases (54%). After multivariate analysis, patients with chronic coronary syndrome (OR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.20–2.46; p < 0.01) were more likely to undergo the procedure. Patients with known ventricular function (OR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40–0.85; p < 0.01); those with a history of CABG (OR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14–0.69; p < 0.01) or hypertension (OR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.36–0.94; p = 0.02); and those with higher creatinine levels (OR 0.42; 95% CI: 0.26–0.69; p < 0.01) had greater odds of not undergoing ventriculography. Conclusions In patients undergoing coronary angiography, a diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome was independently associated with greater likelihood of left ventriculography, while having previously determined ventricular function, a history of hypertension or CABG, and higher creatinine levels were associated with a decreased likelihood of undergoing this procedure.

Resumo O presente artigo propõe que os parâmetros conceituais do enfoque em “Cadeias Mercantis” possibilitam férteis recursos de formulação, exploração e desvendamento de problemas na geografia humana. Em seu teor confere um destaque para a articulação entre geografia econômica e a geografia agroalimentar, embora a referida proposta também alcance articulações entre outras subáreas. Com estes fins, se realizou um estudo de natureza exploratória, procedendo um levantamento bibliográfico, documental e de dados e se vale de uma concisa análise de caso do sistema produtivo-comercial da sojicultura brasileira. Formula-se a concepção de “Teia Geoeconômica” para salientar fatores socioinstitucionais na dimensão geopolítica da economia. Chega-se à compreensão de que estes marcos conceituais são propícios para problematizar questões a respeito de dinâmicas de inserção e posicionamento de subestruturas nas economias nacionais, destas economias na economia mundial e das relações de poder nestes espaços.

Abstract This article proposes that the conceptual parameters of the focus on "Commodity Chains" offer fertile resources for the formulation, exploration, and unraveling of problems in human geography. To this end, an exploratory study was carried out, beginning with a bibliographical, documentary, and data survey followed by a concise case analysis of the productive-commercial system of Brazilian soybean production. The "Geoeconomic Web" concept was formulated to highlight socio-institutional factors in the geopolitical dimension of the economy. It is understood that these conceptual frameworks are suitable to problematize issues about the dynamics of insertion and positioning of substructures in national economies, of these economies in the world economy, and power relations in these spaces.

Resumen Este artículo propone que los parámetros conceptuales del enfoque de “Cadenas de Mercancías” posibilitan recursos fértiles para la formulación, exploración y desentraño de problemas de la geografía humana. En su contenido, enfatiza la articulación entre geografía económica y geografía agroalimentaria, aunque la propuesta antes mencionada también alcanza articulaciones entre otras subáreas. Para estos efectos, se realizó un estudio exploratorio, procediendo con un relevamiento bibliográfico, documental y de datos y se realizó un conciso análisis de caso del sistema productivo-comercial de la soyicultura brasileña. El concepto de “Telaraña Geoeconómica” se formula para resaltar los factores socioinstitucionales en la dimensión geopolítica de la economía. Se comprende que estos marcos conceptuales son adecuados para problematizar cuestiones sobre la dinámica de inserción y posicionamiento de las subestructuras en las economías nacionales, de estas economías en la economía mundial y de las relaciones de poder en estos espacios.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the yields of by-products and residues and the morphometry of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum undernutrition with different levels of lysine. Diets were elaborated containing 6.60, 9.72, 12.84, 15.96, 19.08, and 22.20 g kg−1 of total lysine, and these were fed to fish distributed in 18 tanks (310 L each one) for 90 days. Morphometric analysis, measurements of whole fish, by-products, and residues were taken and compared to each other. All variables were validated using ANOVA, Tukey's test, and quadratic regression analysis (P < 0.05). No differences were found for the morphometric variables (P > 0.05). The ratio between morphometric data for the standard and total length showed significance at levels of 9.72 and 15.96 g kg−1 (P = 0.03). The gutted fish and fillets, the protein and lipid contents of the fillets, and the weights and lengths of the intestines did not change (P > 0.05). Moisture was modified with lysine at levels of 22.20 g kg−1 (P = 0.00), and minerals, between 6.60 and 22.20 g kg−1 (P = 0.01). The increase in lysine levels in the diet led to an increase in fin weight (P = 0.00). It was concluded that the addition of lysine in the diet did not directly influence the morphometry and yields of the fish in the juvenile phase, but it did affect the fin waste and the skin by-product.

RESUMEN La determinación de valores hematológicos se ha utilizado para conocer las condiciones sanitarias de algunas especies animales. La tortuga cabezona del río Amazonas, Peltocephalus dumerilianus, se considera una de las especies de testudines menos conocidas en relación a su biología y estado de salud. Aquí, determinamos los parámetros bioquímicos hematológicos y plasmáticos de 17 adultos (ocho machos y nueve hembras) de P. dumerilianus con el fin de proporcionar valores de intervalo de referencia sobre los individuos clínicamente sanos. Recolectamos las muestras de sangre perforando la vena femoral con jeringas hipodérmicas largas heparinizadas. El dimorfismo sexual de los individuos se determinó mediante la observación externa de la forma del plastrón. Los valores medios obtenidos para los diez parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos analizados fueron: recuento de glóbulos rojos = 0,32 millones μL-1; hematocrito = 20,6 %; hemoglobina = 8,5 g dL-1; volumen corpuscular medio = 681,6 fL; hemoglobina corpuscular media = 267,8 pg; concentración media de hemoglobina corpuscular = 41,9 g dL-1; glucosa = 80,6 mg dL-1, proteína total = 4,1 g dL-1, triglicéridos = 388,9 mg dL-1 y colesterol total = 79,3 mg dL-1. A pesar del dimorfismo sexual evidente para la especie, no hubo diferencia estadística significativa entre machos y hembras para los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos analizados aquí. Con base en estos resultados, la población se considera saludable y los valores de los parámetros coinciden con los rangos de referencia reportados previamente de las especies de testudines en la región. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio pueden utilizarse en la evaluación del estado de salud de otras poblaciones de tortugas amazónicas, considerando especialmente aquellas acciones dirigidas al manejo, conservación y estrategias de cultivo de la especie.

ABSTRACT The determination of hematological values is used to obtain knowledge about the health conditions of animal species. The big-headed Amazon River turtles, (Peltocephalus dumerilianus) are considered one of the least known testudine species concerning their biology and health status. Herein, we determined the hematological and plasma biochemical parameters of17 (eight males and nine females) adult P. dumerilianus to provide reference interval values for clinically healthy individuals. We collected the blood samples by puncturing the femoral vein using long heparinized hypodermic syringes. Sexual dimorphism for individuals was determined by external observation of the shape of the plastron. The average values obtained for the ten hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed were red blood cell count = 0.32 million μL-1; hematocrit = 20.6 %; hemoglobin = 8.5 g dL-1; mean corpuscular volume = 681.6 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin = 267.8 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration = 41.9 g dL-1; glucose = 80.6 mg dL-1, total protein = 4.1 g dL-1, triglycerides = 388.9 mg dL-1, and total cholesterol = 79.3 mg dL-1. Despite the sexual dimorphism evidenced for the species, there was no significant statistical difference between males and females for both hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed herein. Based on these results, the population is considered healthy, with parameter values coinciding with previously reported reference ranges for testudines species in the region. The results obtained in this study can be used for assessing the health status of other Amazonian turtle populations, especially in actions aimed at cultivation strategies, management, and species conservation.

Resumo Fundamento A regurgitação mitral (RM) é prevalente em pacientes submetidos a implante transcateter de válvula aórtica (TAVI). Há algumas controvérsias sobre o impacto prognóstico da RM na sobrevida de pacientes submetidos a TAVI. Objetivo Examinar a relação entre TAVI e RM em uma população de pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI. Métodos Setecentos e noventa e cinco pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI foram divididos na linha de base, alta e acompanhamento de acordo com o grau da RM da maneira seguinte: ausente/leve (RMAL) ou moderado/grave (RMMG). Eles foram subsequentemente reagrupados de acordo com as mudanças imediatas e tardias na gravidade da RM após TAVI da maneira seguinte: RM sem mudança, melhora ou piora. Foram analisados os preditores e o impacto prognóstico na linha de base, bem como as mudanças na gravidade da RM. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados RMMG basal estava presente em 19,3% dos pacientes e foi um preditor de aumento da mortalidade tardia. Imediatamente após o TAVI, 47,4% dos casos melhoraram para RMAL, previsto por uma pontuação mais alta da Society of Thoracic Surgeons e um grau mais alto de regurgitação aórtica basal. No acompanhamento, 9,2% dos casos de RMAL pioraram para RMMG, enquanto 36,8% dos casos de RMMG melhoraram para RMAL. Fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) mais baixa na linha de base e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento foram preditores de melhora da RM. Piora progressiva da RM no acompanhamento foi um preditor independente de maior mortalidade tardia após TAVI (p = 0,005). Conclusões A RMMG na linha de base é um preditor de mortalidade tardia após TAVI. FEVE mais baixa e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento são preditores de melhora da RM após TAVI. A pior progressiva da gravidade da RM durante o acompanhamento é um preditor independente de mortalidade tardia; isto é um achado raro na literatura.

Abstract Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are some controversies about the prognostic impact of MR in survival of TAVI patients. Objective To examine the relationship between TAVI and MR in a patient population from the Brazilian TAVI Registry. Methods Seven hundred and ninety-five patients from the Brazilian TAVI Registry were divided at baseline, discharge, and follow-up according to their MR grade as follows: absent/mild (AMMR) or moderate/severe (MSMR). They were subsequently regrouped according to their immediate and late changes in MR severity after TAVI as follows: no change, improved, or worsened MR. Predictors and prognostic impact on baseline as well as changes in MR severity were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Baseline MSMR was present in 19.3% of patients and was a predictor of increased late mortality. Immediately after TAVI, 47.4 % of cases improved to AMMR, predicted by a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and a higher grade of baseline aortic regurgitation. Upon follow-up, 9.2% of cases of AMMR worsened to MSMR, whereas 36.8% of cases of MSMR improved to AMMR. Lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and improvement in LVEF at follow-up were predictors of MR improvement. Progressive worsening of MR upon follow-up was an independent predictor of higher late mortality after TAVI (p = 0.005). Conclusions Baseline MSMR predicts late mortality after TAVI. Lower LVEF and improved LVEF at follow-up predict MR improvement after TAVI. Progressive worsening of MR severity at follow-up is an independent predictor of late mortality, which is a rare finding in the literature.

RESUMO O xantogranuloma juvenil é uma patologia histiocítica benigna rara. A manifestação clínica ocorre geralmente até os 2 anos de idade com pápulas amareladas e evolução clínica variável. Cerca de 0,75% dos pacientes apresentaram comprometimento sistêmico e 0,25%, comprometimento ocular. O objetivo deste relato é descrever o caso de uma pré-escolar de 2 anos do sexo feminino, com nodulação em pálpebra superior direita, 0,5cm de base e bordos bem definidos, data de início não estimada, mas crescimento estável há 6 meses, sem sinais flogísticos, prurido, dor, sangramentos ou outras lesões similares no corpo. Sem mais alterações ao exame físico. A análise histopatológica da peça evidenciou lesão cutânea com células histiocitoides, fusiformes e outras xantomizadas; infiltrado inflamatório de permeio e numerosas células gigantes do tipo Touton, resultado compatível com o diagnóstico de xantogranuloma juvenil. Assim, ressalta-se a importância da inclusão do xantogranuloma juvenil no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões palpebrais, especialmente em crianças.

ABSTRACT Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Clinical manifestation usually occurs up to the age of 2 years, with yellowish papules and variable clinical progression. Approximately 0.75% of patients had systemic involvement and 0.25%, ocular alterations. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of a preschool 2-year-old female patient, with nodules in the upper right eyelid, 0.5-cm wide, with well-defined edges, an uncertain date of onset, a stable growth for 6 months, with no inflammatory signs, pruritus, pain, bleeding, or other similar lesions in the body. No further changes were observed in the physical examination. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed a skin lesion with histiocytoid, spindle-shaped cells and xanthomized cells, inflammatory infiltrate and numerous Touton giant cells. The result was compatible with diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. Therefore, the importance of including juvenile xanthogranuloma in the differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions is emphasized, especially in children.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of alternative techniques for measuring the linear dimensional change of molds obtained by different impression materials. A stainless-steel die containing three lines was used to get the impressions. The impression materials were handled according to the manufacturers' instructions. After gelation/polymerization time, the molds (n=12) were stored for 30 minutes and the lines were subsequently measured using: a microscope (Olympus Measuring Microscope STM; Olympus Optical Co) with a 30x magnification (MM, control group), a digital caliper (Mitutoyo Digimatic; Kawasaki) (DC) and digitization using a digital camera (Canon EOS Rebel 3Ti; Canon) (DI). For each mold, a mean of the length of the lines was obtained. For each impression material, the difference in the length between the metallic matrix and the mold was considered as linear dimensional change (%). The data were submitted to the non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, followed by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for each material, and the means were compared by the Tukey test (α=0.05). The DI group promoted values of dimensional accuracy without significant differences with the control group (MM), except for the putty-body condensation silicone. The DC group showed significant differences for MM and DI groups for all impression materials tested. The DI group showed to be a reliable methodology (Standard error of the mean <10%) to measure the linear dimensional change of all impression materials. The DI group presented molds with linear dimensional change values without significant differences with MM group, except for the putty-body addition silicone. The digitization is a reliable methodology to evaluate the linear dimensional changes of molds made with impression materials, except for the putty-body elastomeric impression materials.

BACKGROUND: The original structure of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) has been contested in several languages. OBJECTIVE: To assess the structural validity of the Brazilian version of WOMAC among patients with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Structural validity study conducted at physiotherapy clinics and primary healthcare units. METHODS: The study included males and females aged 40 to 80 years who were all native Brazilian Portuguese speakers, with knee pain in the previous six months and a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with implementation of a polychoric matrix and the robust diagonally weighted least squares (RDWLS) extraction method. The adequacy of the model was assessed using the following fit indices: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and chi-square/degree of freedom (DF). RESULTS: 203 patients with knee osteoarthritis were included. The model proposed in this study with two factors, i.e. “pain” (items 1, 2, 3 and 4) and “physical function” (items 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 22), showed adequate fit indices in CFA: chi-square/DF = 1.30; CFI = 0.976; TLI = 0.970; RMSEA = 0.039; and SRMR = 0.070. The factorial loads ranged from 0.68 to 0.76 for the “pain” domain and 0.44 to 0.62 for the “physical function” domain. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of WOMAC with two domains, i.e. “pain” (four items) and “physical function” (eight items), presents the best structure.

Resumo: Este artigo investiga a política de formação inicial de pesquisadores na educação básica e sua recontextualização na prática, com foco, em termos de empiria, no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica para o Ensino Médio (Pibic-EM) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), inserido no contexto da iniciação científica júnior. Analisa o modus operandi dos sujeitos com ênfase nos processos de seleção e nas razões da sua adesão/desistência ao programa. Realiza estudo de caso na UFSC, que desenvolve o Pibic-EM, e em dez escolas públicas em que foram entrevistados 46 sujeitos, entre orientadores, bolsistas, coorientadores/professores das escolas e coordenadores institucionais do programa. O fator determinante para a escolha dos bolsistas foi a presença de um habitus e de disposições próximas das requeridas pelo campo acadêmico. Entre os motivos da desistência dos estudantes/bolsistas, destacam-se: o reduzido valor da bolsa; a exigência de trabalho/remuneração para auxiliar a família; as expectativas da família em relação à trajetória acadêmica; o excesso de atividades escolares; e o baixo rendimento escolar.

Abstract: This study deals with policies for the training of basic education researchers and the reframing of its context; focused, empirically speaking, on Brazil’s Institutional Program of Scholarships for Undergraduate Research (or, in Portuguese, Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica Pibic -EM) from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC), within the Junior Scientific Training. The modus operandi of the research subject is analyzed with an emphasis on the selection processes and in the motivations for subscribing or dropping-out of the program. A case study is carried within UFSC, which involves the Pibic-EM, and in ten public institutions in which 46 subjects donated interviews, among advisors, grantees, co-supervisors/educators in the school and program intitutional coordinators. The aspect guiding the selection of grantees was the verification of a habitus and of a show of dispositions more inclined to the academia. Among the motivations pointed for dropping-out are:the limited value of the grant; the need to work to finantially support their family; their family’s expectations regarding their academic trajectory; excessive school activities, and their poor performance in school.

Resumen: Este artículo investiga la política de formación inicial de investigadores en la educación básica y su recontextualización en la práctica, con foco, en términos de empírea, en el Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación Científica para la Enseñanza Secundaria (Pibic-EM) de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), insertado en el contexto de la iniciación científica junior. Analiza el modus operandi de los sujetos con énfasis en los procesos de selección y en las razones de su adhesión/desistimiento al programa. Realiza un estudio de caso en la UFSC, que desarrolla el Pibic-EM, y en diez escuelas públicas en que fueron entrevistados 46 sujetos, entre orientadores, becarios, coorientadores/profesores de las escuelas y coordinadores institucionales del programa. El factor determinante para la elección de los becarios fue la presencia de un habitus y de disposiciones próximas a las requeridas por el campo académico. Entre los motivos del desistimiento de los estudiantes/becarios se destacan: el reducido valor de la beca; la exigencia de trabajo/remuneración para ayudar a la familia; las expectativas de la familia en relación a la trayectoria académica; el exceso de actividades escolares; y el bajo rendimiento escolar.

Abstract Poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL, triblock) and Poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-(poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide)-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEO-PPO-PEO-PCL, pentablock) copolymers were synthesized by transesterification with reduction of PCL molecular mass, enabling fewer reactions, lower temperatures, and eliminating extensive purification steps. Free hydrophilic groups were removed from the samples by selective precipitation, and 1H-NMR, FTIR, GPC and DSC analyses characterized the structure and properties of the resulting copolymers. The detection of remaining hydrophilic groups indicates the formation of the amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs). Further, we obtained polymeric nanoparticles with monodisperse size distribution profiles by nano-precipitation from both the triblock and the pentablock copolymers using a microfluidic device, resulting 144.6 and 188.9 nm size and 0.093 and 0.102 nm polydispersity index, respectively. The nanoparticle assembly depends on the copolymer composition, and the possibility of nanoparticle assembly corroborates to the block structure of the copolymers, and the success of this synthesis route to obtain BCPs.

Abstract Several studies have demonstrated that sugar-based nanocarriers are recommended to develop drug delivery systems since they are biocompatible and biodegradable and might improve the therapeutic index of currently used drugs by reducing their toxicity and enhancing their bioavailability. Therewith, this work studied the processing conditions to formation of a sugar-based nanocarrier denominated polymeric colloidal nanocarriers (PCN). It reports the impact of emulsifiers types and concentration, salt concentration and copolymers addition on physical stability and particle size distribution of a maltodextin-based PCN. In order to define the most stable formulation to produce the maltodextrin nanocarriers, 13 PCN formulations were evaluated in respect to kinetic stability, particle size distribution and morphology. The results demonstrated that to have a stable sugar-based PCN in silicone for at least 3 days, it is necessary to work with Poloxamer 188 as a copolymer, SF 1540 surfactant in a concentration proportional to the solid content and a salt concentration of 0.4 %.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é identificar a prevalência de experiência de gravidez e aborto e os fatores associados em crianças, adolescentes e jovens em situação de rua, das cidades de Porto Alegre e Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. Neste estudo transversal, como método de amostragem, foi utilizado o Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), inovador em pesquisas com populações de difícil acesso. Foram entrevistados 307 indivíduos, com idade entre 10 e 21 anos. Na análise multivariada foi utilizada regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto da variância. A maioria dos participantes foi do sexo masculino, sem vínculos com escola e com a família. Quase metade estava há cinco anos ou mais na rua, permanecendo mais de 15 horas diárias nela. A prevalência de experiência de gravidez foi de 29,3%, estando independentemente associada com ser do sexo feminino, ter mais de 10 parceiros sexuais no último ano, ter parceiro sexual fixo no último ano e ter mais idade. A prevalência de experiência de aborto foi de 10,4%, estando associado com não morar com a família, ter duas ou mais gravidezes e ter menos idade. A alta prevalência de experiência de gravidez e aborto aponta para a necessidade de melhores políticas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva específicas para esta população.

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience, along with associated factors among street children, adolescents and youths in Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The sampling method in this cross-sectional study was Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), innovative in research about hidden populations. Interviews were conducted with 307 subjects, aged 10 to 21 years. In multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used. Most of this sample were males, with no contact with school and family. Almost half of the participants had been on the street for five years or more, spending more than 15 hours per day on the streets. The prevalence of pregnancy experience was 29.3%, independently associated with being a girl, having 10 sexual partners or more in the last year, having a fixed sexual partner in the last year, and being older. The prevalence of abortion experience was 10.4%, independently associated with not living with the family, having more than two pregnancies, and being younger. The high prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience highlights the need for the development of better sexual and reproductive health policies focused on this population.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é identificar a prevalência de experiência de gravidez e aborto e os fatores associados em crianças, adolescentes e jovens em situação de rua, das cidades de Porto Alegre e Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. Neste estudo transversal, como método de amostragem, foi utilizado o Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), inovador em pesquisas com populações de difícil acesso. Foram entrevistados 307 indivíduos, com idade entre 10 e 21 anos. Na análise multivariada foi utilizada regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto da variância. A maioria dos participantes foi do sexo masculino, sem vínculos com escola e com a família. Quase metade estava há cinco anos ou mais na rua, permanecendo mais de 15 horas diárias nela. A prevalência de experiência de gravidez foi de 29,3%, estando independentemente associada com ser do sexo feminino, ter mais de 10 parceiros sexuais no último ano, ter parceiro sexual fixo no último ano e ter mais idade. A prevalência de experiência de aborto foi de 10,4%, estando associado com não morar com a família, ter duas ou mais gravidezes e ter menos idade. A alta prevalência de experiência de gravidez e aborto aponta para a necessidade de melhores políticas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva específicas para esta população.

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience, along with associated factors among street children, adolescents and youths in Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The sampling method in this cross-sectional study was Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), innovative in research about hidden populations. Interviews were conducted with 307 subjects, aged 10 to 21 years. In multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used. Most of this sample were males, with no contact with school and family. Almost half of the participants had been on the street for five years or more, spending more than 15 hours per day on the streets. The prevalence of pregnancy experience was 29.3%, independently associated with being a girl, having 10 sexual partners or more in the last year, having a fixed sexual partner in the last year, and being older. The prevalence of abortion experience was 10.4%, independently associated with not living with the family, having more than two pregnancies, and being younger. The high prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience highlights the need for the development of better sexual and reproductive health policies focused on this population.